Check the question the report answers
USDA publications cover different topics, from crop progress to acreage, production, stocks, and trade. Start by reading the title, release date, geography, and definitions. Two reports published close together may measure different things.
Separate estimates from final outcomes
Many reports provide estimates based on surveys, administrative records, or models. Estimates can be revised as additional information becomes available. Treat each release as a dated snapshot and follow the methods described by the agency.
Compare carefully
When comparing numbers, use the same crop year and unit. Note whether a figure is national or regional, projected or historical, and seasonally adjusted where relevant. The USDA NASS site provides the original tables and explanatory notes.